The ICAN ICAR 2025 Nepal report presents the first household-based, nationally representative assessment of foundational reading and numeracy among Nepali children aged 5–16. Aligned with SDG Indicator 4.1.1(a), it finds that only 34% of 10-year-olds and 28% of Grade 4 children achieve minimum proficiency in both reading and math, revealing a learning crisis that begins long before Grade 10 and 12 exam failures.